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80186 Microprocessors: Introduction and Architecture

Hello friends, today we are going to discuss the 80186 microprocessor with integrated peripherals. The Intel 80186 is an improved version of the 8086 microprocessor. 80186 is a 16-bit microprocessor with a 16-bit data bus and a 20-bit address bus. It has a programmable peripheral device integrated into the same package. The instruction set of the 80186 is a superset of the instruction set of the 8086. The term super-set means that all of the 8086 instructions will execute properly on an 80186, but the 80186 has a few additional instructions. The following figure shows the block diagram and pin diagram of 80186. The CPU is divided into seven independent functional parts. 80186 internal block diagram  80186 68-pins pin diagram  Functional parts of 80186 Microprocessor The Bus Interface Unit (BIU) Execution Unit (EU) Clock Generator Programmable interrupt controller Programmable Chip Select Unit (CSU) Programmable DMA Unit Programmable counter/timers The Bus Interface Unit
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Difference Between CRT, LCD and LED

Dear friends, today we are going to discuss about the CRT and LCD. What is that? Where we use this and the difference between them etc. Let’s see first the current scenario; we are using several different technologies to display numbers, letters, graphics and videos on either in monitors or televisions. The most common types are CRT (Cathode Ray Tubes), LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and LED (Light Emitting Diodes).

Cathode Ray Tube - CRT

A CRT is a large, bottle-shaped vacuum tube, which contains...

  • Electron guns at rear end and produce a beam of electrons which is directed towards the front side.
  • Phosphor (shadow mask): the inside surface of the front (screen) is coated with phosphor substance as a shadow mask which gives off light when it is struck by electron.
  • To produce colour displays as in a colour TV sets, a RGB (red, green and blue) producing phosphors are put on the inside of the guns in triangle patterns. The intensity of these three beams has changed one by one every time from back and forth across the screen to produce images on the CRT screen. For stable display, the beam intensity synchronized with the horizontal and vertical sweeping.

Cathode ray Tube
Cathode Ray Tube

Liquid Crystal Display - LCD

 Liquid crystal displays are created by spreading a thin 10 to 12 micron layer of a liquid crystal fluid between two glass plates. A transparent, electrically conductive film is put on the rear glass sheet. Transparent sections of conductive film with desire characters are coated on the front glass plate when a voltage is applied between these two segments, images will produce.  There are two types of LCD which is commonly used.
  • Dynamic scattering LCD: In this type, the molecules are very energetic and they are scrambled in all direction. The activated area has taking advantage for displaying the image.
  • Field effect LCD: In this LCD uses polarization technique to absorb light where the electric field is present. This produces dark characters on a silver-gray background.
liquid Crystal Display
Liquid Crystal Display

Light Emitting Diodes - LED

An LED uses less power, provides a brighter display with better contrast, a thinner panel, and lesser heat dissipation than a conventional LCD TV.This is because an LED TV uses light-emitting diodes for back lighting as opposed to the CCFLs of conventional LCD TVs. The display of an LED TV is not an LED display,  
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